Kerala PGMEE February 2009 Questions and answers Discussion

Biochemistry

1. Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic Acid
c. Oleic acid
d. Myristic Acid


Question I clearly remember as 'Saturated Fatty acid'.

Q is a mistake. It should have been 'Unsaturated' and the answer then would be Oleic Acid.

(is a mono un saturated fatty acid)

Kerala PGMEE 2009 Questions and Answers Discussion

Please add Questions of 2009 February here...

1. Which of the following does not come in relation with sub-occipital triangle?

a. Occipital Artery
b. Vertebral Artery
c. Dorsal rami of the C1
d.

Discussion : The skeleton of the suboccipital region

following structures form the background for the other structures in the region:

• base of skull and superior nuchal line
• posterior arch of the atlas (C1) and its tubercle and transverse process
• spine and transverse process of the axis (C2)

The deepest structures in the suboccipital triangle are the 1st cervical nerve and the vertebral artery.

In the deep groove on the upper surface of the posterior arch of the atlas are the vertebral artery and the first cervical or suboccipital nerve.

The suboccipital triangle is a region of the neck bounded by the following three muscles:

• Rectus capitis posterior major - above and medially
• Obliquus capitis superior - above and laterally
• Obliquus capitis inferior - below and laterally

It is covered by a layer of dense fibro-fatty tissue, situated beneath the Semispinalis capitis.

The floor is formed by the posterior occipito-atlantal membrane, and the posterior arch of the atlas.

Question 1 : Bronchiolitis Obliterans is caused by?

a. Respiratory Syncitial Virus
b. Adenovirus
c. H. Influenzae
d. Mycoplasma


If you went for RSV, you are 'absolutely wrong'.

Answer: (B) Adenovirus

References :
1) Nelson 18th 1781

"Bronchiolitis Obliterans is a rare, chronic lung disease of the bronchioles and smaller airways. BO most commonly occurs in the pediatric population after respiratory infections (Adenovirus, Mycoplasma, measles, Legionella, influenza, Pertrusis). "

2) "Adenoviruses were the most common etiologic agents identified serologically."

Postinfectious Bronchiolitis obliterans in Children: Clinical and Radiological Profile and Prognostic Factors
Ebru Yalçn^a, Deniz Doru^a, Mithat Halilolu^b, Uur Özçelik^a, Nural Kiper^a, Ayhan Göçmen^a

http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=72900

3)"Bronchiolitis obliterans complicated by infections, Stevens–Johnson syndrome was found in eight and two patients, respectively. In children with post-infectious BO, adenoviruses were the most common etiologic agents (7/8). Among them, six patients needed intensive management and five patients needed mechanical ventilation. All patients presented persistent dyspneic respirations and wheezing since the initial lung infection. Initial focal atelectasis (n = 3) on chest radiographs progressed to atelectasis/lobar collapse (n = 8) when the diagnosis of BO was made. After adequate supportive management, atelectatic bronchiectasis was the most common complication (n = 5)."

Bronchiolitis obliterans in children: Clinical presentation, therapy and long-term follow-up

Chih-Yung Chiu, ^1,2 Kin-Sun Wong, ¹ Yhu-Chering Huang ¹ and Tzou-Yien Lin ¹

Department of ¹Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and ² Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119412572/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0